Everything

Name Submittal Date Course Number and Section Week 6 Case Study Questions #1. ) Using the details of the case study, identify the stages – a beginning, middle, end, and an aftermath – of the conflict process that Edward and Elizabeth went through. The beginning was when Laura texted Edward back and he thought she was upset. The middle was when Edward texted her back upset about her response. The end was when they argued at home of dumb stuff even though the argument was for no reason. The aftermath is now they are both mad at each other. 2. ) What is the disinhibition effect and how did it play a role in the case study? The disinhibtion effect is the loss of inhibitions when interacting with someone online that leads to the tendency to escalate the conflict. They weren’t watching how they were emailing so it seemed rude when she emailed it even though she didn’t mean to. #3. ) Discuss at least three strategies to alleviate online conflict, be it from texti ng, IMing, or emailing? How could have Edward and Elizabeth employed these strategies to avoid their conflict?There strategies to alleviate online conflict are too breath, plan your message don’t text real quick cause you might regret what you send. Avoid personal attach, name calling and emotional overstatement. Another would be too be sure you want to express your anger, sometimes it’s not worth the fight. Edward definitely should have breathed and made sure if he wanted to express his anger. #4. ) Often times we hold back our true feelings with a spouse or significant other because we assume the issue is trivial and not turning into a conflict.But how might not sharing your feelings with a spouse or significant other have a long-term effect on your relationship? Use specifics from the case study to support your answer. The long term effect is you start to resent your partner because you never express that he upset you. So when you finally do argue you bring up all t hat pushed back feelings and explode. Thus causing a much worse fight. In the case study I chose for him to confront her so there wasn’t really any held in emotion. #5. ) What are some of the skills and strategies used to maintain and escalate a close relationship?How could Edward and Elizabeth use these skills to overcome the issue they have with their electronically-mediated communication? Some of the skills to maintain a close relationship are to express emotions, provide comfort and social support engage in relationship talk, be tolerant and show restraint, and manage conflict cooperatively. They could express emotion using emoticons. Definitely show restraint and not text immediately when thinking someone is upset. Always see first if they upset before attacking them saying why are they mad and such.

Health Connect

DQ week 2 HCS/482 DQ week 2 Q 1) What types of information systems and what types of documentation system do you have for health information in your workplace? Information system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for delivering information, knowledge, and caring patients. Organizations rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers (patients) and vendors, and compete in the marketplace. For instance, a health care organization like Kaiser Permanente uses information systems to reach their potential customers with targeted messages over the Web, to process, and to manage their health records. * An example web site kp. org enables patient’s to access their lab results, make appointments, and communicate with the providers. * Kaiser Permanente has internet and intranet systems KITS is an example of information system for immunization records * Health connect is throughout the Kais er for documentation Q 2) Do you have a documentation system that includes nursing terminologies * Yes in health connect we can chart nursing care plans for the patients progress, plan, intervention. * The system is user friendly. * We call it DMS, Nurses can find all the teaching materials. * Physical assessment is documented in health connect. There are flow chart for different system, and it has nursing, and medical terminologies. Q3) What kind of databases does your quality improvement department use? Provide examples * Quality improvement department uses health connect, unusual occurrence report (UOR), radiology information system (RIS), clinical image distribution (CIS), and KITS. * For patient and staff education Kaiser has a variety of selections of database example CNHAL, PROQUEST. * My previous work Little Co. used Meditech.

Woman Unknown by Rabindranath Tagore

WOMAN UNKNOWN- Rabindranath Tagore **************************************************************** By P. Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of English, Sherubtse college, Bhutan Author of: Language and writing, DSB Publication Thimphu Communicative English, P. K. Books, Calicut A perception on Literary Criticism, P. K. Books, Calicut ****************************************************************** ? First person narrative. ? A 27 year old man namely Anupam who is immersed in Indian tradition and culture. Exposes the Indian culture of the period, main cultural practices, especially arranged marriage and dowry system. ? Breaking away from the stereotypical role for ones rights with subtlety and understatement. Features ? Prologue ? Flash back(see bluffing) ? Epilogue ? Understatement Prologue-The opening section of a work; a kind of introduction which is part of the work and not prefatory. it was common in drama in the 17th and 18th century. Epilogue-Three meanings may be distinguished : a short speech to be delivered at the end of a play.It often makes some graceful and witty comment on what has happened and ask for approval, if not the indulgence, of the audience (b) the end of a fable. Where the moral is pointed(c)the concluding section or paragraph of any literary work, sometimes added a summary, but more often as an afterthought. Theme-The socialtradition like arranged marriages, dowry system and its evil impacts are discussed in the story. Tagore made a social criticism on the institution of marriage and dowry system in Indian society. The writer exposes the vanity and pompousness of Indian marriages.Setting 1. Anupam’s house in Culcatta 2. Kanpur,Kalyan’residence 3. Small portion in the train Conflicts Internal conflicts? Anupam versus Anupam ? Kalyani versus Kalyani ? External conflicts? Anupam versus uncle and mother. ? Uncle versus ShambunathBabu/Kalyani. ? Anupam family versus the society. ? Stream of anger versus revenge. ? Stream of love versus forgiveness. â€Å"There is room here â€Å"it has been echoing in the mind of Anupam. He lived with that sw eet voice though he had no hope of marrying her,Anupam lived in the faith that she might change his mind one day.But Kalyani dedicated her service to girl’s education. Anupam is projected as a Meek and week man . Usually ladies are projected as shy and nervous, but Kalyani in this story appears as a bold-hearted girl, capable to stand in her own feet and face all the consequences of life and teaches her community to break away from the stereotypical role of an Indian woman. Anupam’s uncle ? ? ? Very miserly Cunning and shrewd man Behaves like a responsible person involved with all the worries of the family. ************************************

Philippine Republic Act No. 8436

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8436 AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS TO USE AN AUTOMATED ELECTION SYSTEM IN THE MAY 11, 1998 NATIONAL OR LOCAL ELECTIONS AND IN SUBSEQUENT NATIONAL AND LOCAL ELECTORAL EXERCISES, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Section 1. Declaration of policy. — It is the policy of the State to ensure free, orderly, honest, peaceful and credible elections, and assure the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot in order that the results of elections, plebiscites, referenda, and other electoral exercises shall be fast, accurate and reflective of the genuine will of the people.Sec. 2. Definition of terms. — As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean: 1. Automated election system — a system using appropriate technology for voting and electronic devices to count votes and canvass/consolidate results; 2. Counting machine — a machine that uses an optical scanning/mark—sense reading device or any similar advanced technol ogy to count ballots; 3. Data storage device — a device used to electronically store counting and canvassing results, such as a memory pack or diskette; 4.Computer set — a set of equipment containing regular components, i. e. , monitor, central processing unit or CPU, keyboard and printer; 5. National ballot — refers to the ballot to be used in the automated election system for the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections. This shall contain the names of the candidates for president, vice-president, senators and parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system. This ballot shall be counted by the counting machine; 6.Local Ballot — refers to the ballot on which the voter will manually write the names of the candidates of his/her choice for member of the House of Representatives, governor, vice-governor, members of the provincial board, mayor, vice-mayor, and members of the city/municipal council. For the purpose of the May 11, 19 98 elections, this ballot will be counted manually; 7. Board of Election Inspectors — there shall be a Board of Election Inspectors in every precinct composed of three (3) regular members who shall conduct the voting, counting and recording of votes in the polling place.For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, there shall be special members composed of a fourth member in each precinct and a COMELEC representative who is authorized to operate the counting machine. Both shall conduct the counting and recording of votes of the national ballots in the designated counting centers; 8. Election returns — a machine-generated document showing the date of the election, the province, municipality and the precinct in which it is held and the votes in figures for each candidate in a precinct directly produced by the counting machine; 9.Statement of votes — a machine-generated document containing the votes obtained by candidates in each precinct in a city/municipality; 10. City/municipal/district/provincial certificate of canvass of votes — a machine-generated document containing the total votes in figures obtained by each candidate in a city/municipality/district/ province as the case may be; and 11. Counting center — a public place designated by the Commission where counting of votes and canvassing/consolidation of results shall be conducted. Sec. 3. Qualifications, rights and limitations of the special members of the Board of Election Inspectors. No person shall be appointed as a special member of the board of election inspectors unless he/she is of good moral character and irreproachable reputation, a registered voter, has never been convicted of any election offense or of any crime punishable by more than six (6) months imprisonment or if he/she has pending against him/her an information for any election offense or if he/she is related within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity to any member of the board of elec tion inspectors or any special member of the same board of Election Inspector or to any candidate for a national position or to a nominee as a party list representative or his/her spouse. The special members of the board shall enjoy the same rights and be bound by the same limitations and liabilities of a regular member of the board of election inspectors but shall not vote during the proceedings of the board of election inspectors except on matters pertaining to the national ballot. Sec. 4. Duties and functions of the special members of the Board of Election Inspectors. — 1. During the conduct of the voting in the polling place, the fourth member shall: a) accomplish the minutes of voting for the automated election system in the precinct; and (b) ensure that the national ballots are placed inside the appropriate ballot box; 2. On the close of the polls, the fourth member shall bring the ballot box containing the national ballots to the designated counting center; 3. Before t he counting of votes, the fourth member shall verify if the number of national ballots tallies with the data in the minutes of the voting; 4. During the counting of votes, the fourth member and the COMELEC authorized representative shall jointly accomplish the minutes of counting for the automated election system in the precinct; 5.After the counting of votes, the fourth member and the COMELEC authorized representative shall jointly: (a) certify the results of the counting of national ballots from the precinct; and (b) bring the ballot box containing the counted national ballots together with the minutes of voting and counting, and other election documents and paraphernalia to the city or municipal treasurer for safekeeping. Sec. 5. Board of Canvassers. — For purposes of the May 11, 1998 elections, each province, city or municipality shall have two (2) board of canvassers, one for the manual election system under the existing law, and the other, for the automated system. For the automated election system, the chairman of the board shall be appointed by the Commission from among its personnel/deputies and the members from the officials enumerated in Sec. 21 of Republic Act No. 6646. Sec. 6. Authority to use an automated election system. To carry out the above-stated policy, the Commission on Elections, herein referred to as the Commission, is hereby authorized to use an automated election system, herein referred to as the System, for the process of voting, counting of votes and canvassing/consolidation of results of the national and local elections: Provided, however, That for the May 11, 1998 elections, the System shall be applicable in all areas within the country only for the positions of president, vice-president, senators and parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system. To achieve the purpose of this Act, the Commission is authorized to procure by purchase, lease or otherwise any supplies, equipment, materials and services needed for the holding of the elections by an expedited process of public bidding of vendors, suppliers or lessors: Provided, That the accredited political parties are duly notified of and allowed to observe but not to participate in the bidding.If, inspite of its diligent efforts to implement this mandate in the exercise of this authority, it becomes evident by February 9, 1998 that the Commission cannot fully implement the automated election system for national positions in the May 11, 1998 elections, the elections for both national and local positions shall be done manually except in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) where the automated election system shall be used for all positions. Sec. 7. Features of the system. — The System shall utilize appropriate technology for voting, and electronic devices for counting of votes and canvassing of results. For this purpose, the Commission shall acquire automated counting machines, computer equipment, devices and materials and adopt new forms and printing materials.The System shall contain the following features: (a) use of appropriate ballots, (b) stand-alone machine which can count votes and an automated system which can consolidate the results immediately, (c) with provisions for audit trails, (d) minimum human intervention, and (e) adequate safeguard/security measures. In addition, the System shall as far as practicable have the following features: 1. It must be user-friendly and need not require computer-literate operators; 2. The machine security must be built-in and multi-layer existent on hardware and software with minimum human intervention using latest technology like encrypted coding system; 3.The security key control must be embedded inside the machine sealed against human intervention; 4. The Optical Mark Reader (OMR) must have a built-in printer for numbering the counted ballots and also for printing the individual precinct number on the counted ballots; 5. The ballot paper for the OMR counting machine must be of the quality that passed the international standard like ISO-1831, JIS-X- 9004 or its equivalent for optical character recognition; 6. The ballot feeder must be automatic; 7. The machine must be able to count from 100 to 150 ballots per minute; 8. The counting machine must be able to detect fake or counterfeit ballots and must have a fake ballot rejector; 9.The counting machine must be able to detect and reject previously counted ballots to prevent duplication; 10. The counting machine must have the capability to recognize the ballot's individual precinct and city or municipality before counting or consolidating the votes; 11. The System must have a printer that has the capacity to print in one stroke or operation seven (7) copies (original plus six (6) copies) of the consolidated reports on carbonless paper; 12. The printer must have at least 128 kilobytes of Random Access Memory (RAM) to facilitate the expeditious processing of the printing of the consolidated reports; 13. The machine must have a built-in floppy disk drive in order to save the processed data on a diskette; 14.The machine must also have a built-in hard disk to store the counted and consolidated data for future printout and verification; 15. The machine must be temperature-resistant and rust-proof; 16. The optical lens of the OMR must have a self-cleaning device; 17. The machine must not be capable of being connected to external computer peripherals for the process of vote consolidation; 18. The machine must have an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS); 19. The machine must be accompanied with operating manuals that will guide the personnel of the Commission the proper use and maintenance of the machine; 20. It must be so designed and built that add-ons may immediately be incorporated into the System at minimum expense; 21.It must provide the shortest time needed to complete the counting of votes and canvassing of the results of the election; 22. The machine must be able to generate consolidated reports like the election return, statement of votes and certificate of canvass at different levels; and 23. The accuracy of the count must be guaranteed, the margin of error must be disclosed and backed by warranty under such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Commission. In the procurement of this system, the Commission shall adopt an equitable system of deductions or demerits for deviations or deficiencies in meeting all the above stated features and standards.For this purpose, the Commission shall create an Advisory Council to be composed of technical experts from the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines (ITFP), the University of the Philippines (UP), and two (2) representatives from the private sector recommended by the Philippine Computer Society (PCS). The Council may avail itself of the expertise and services of resource persons of known competence and probit y. The Commission in collaboration with the DOST shall establish an independent Technical Ad Hoc Evaluation Committee, herein known as the Committee, composed of a representative each from the Senate, House of Representatives, DOST and COMELEC.The Committee shall certify that the System is operating properly and accurately and that the machines have a demonstrable capacity to distinguish between genuine and spurious ballots. The Committee shall ensure that the testing procedure shall be unbiased and effective in checking the worthiness of the System. Toward this end, the Committee shall design and implement a reliability test procedure or a system stress test. Sec. 8. Procurement of equipment and materials. — The Commission shall procure the automated counting machines, computer equipment, devices and materials needed for ballot printing and devices for voting, counting and canvassing from local or foreign sources free from taxes and import duties, subject to accounting and a uditing rules and regulations. Sec. 9. Systems breakdown in the counting center. In the event of a systems breakdown of all assigned machines in the counting center, the Commission shall use any available machine or any component thereof from another city/municipality upon the approval of the Commission En Banc or any of its divisions. The transfer of such machines or any component thereof shall be undertaken in the presence of representatives of political parties and citizens' arm of the Commission who shall be notified by the election officer of such transfer. There is a systems breakdown in the counting center when the machine fails to read the ballots or fails to store/save results or fails to print the results after it has read the ballots; or when the computer fails to consolidate election results/reports or fails to print election results/reports after consolidation. Sec. 10. Examination and testing of counting machines. The Commission shall, on the date and time it shall set and with proper notices, allow the political parties and candidates or their representatives, citizens' arm or their representatives to examine and test the machines to ascertain that the system is operating properly and accurately. Test ballots and test forms shall be provided by the Commission. After the examination and testing, the machines shall be locked and sealed by the election officer or any authorized representative of the Commission in the presence of the political parties and candidates or their representatives, and accredited citizens' arms. The machines shall be kept locked and sealed and shall be opened again on election day before the counting of votes begins.Immediately after the examination and testing of the machines, the parties and candidates or their representatives, citizens' arms or their representatives, may submit a written report to the election officer who shall immediately transmit it to the Commission for appropriate action. Sec. 11. Official ballot. à ¢â‚¬â€ The Commission shall prescribe the size and form of the official ballot which shall contain the titles of the positions to be filled and/or the propositions to be voted upon in an initiative, referendum or plebiscite. Under each position, the names of candidates shall be arranged alphabetically by surname and uniformly printed using the same type size. A fixed space where the chairman of the Board of Election inspectors shall affix his/her signature to authenticate the official ballot shall be provided. Both sides of the ballots may be used when necessary.For this purpose, the deadline for the filing of certificate of candidacy/petition for registration/manifestation to participate in the election shall not be later than one hundred twenty (120) days before the elections: Provided, That, any elective official, whether national or local, running for any office other than the one which he/she is holding in a permanent capacity, except for president and vice-president, shall be deemed resigned only upon the start of the campaign period corresponding to the position for which he/she is running: Provided, further, That, unlawful acts or omissions applicable to a candidate shall take effect upon the start of the aforesaid campaign period: Provided, finally, That, for purposes of the May 11, 1998 elections, the deadline for filing of the certificate of candidacy for the positions of President, Vice President, Senators and candidates under the Party-List System as well as petitions for registration and/or manifestation to participate in the Party-List System shall be on February 9, 1998 while the deadline for the filing of certificate of candidacy for other positions shall be on March 27, 1998. The official ballots shall be printed by the National Printing Office and/or the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas at the price comparable with that of private printers under proper security measures which the Commission shall adopt. The Commission may contract the services o f private printers upon certification by the National Printing Office/ Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas that it cannot meet the printing requirements. Accredited political parties and deputized citizens' arms of the Commission may assign watchers in the printing, storage and distribution of official ballots.To prevent the use of fake ballots, the Commission through the Committee shall ensure that the serial number on the ballot stub shall be printed in magnetic ink that shall be easily detectable by inexpensive hardware and shall be impossible to reproduce on a photocopying machine, and that identification marks, magnetic strips, bar codes and other technical and security markings, are provided on the ballot. The official ballots shall be printed and distributed to each city/municipality at the rate of one (1) ballot for every registered voter with a provision of additional four (4) ballots per precinct. Sec. 12. Substitution of candidates. — In case of valid substitutions after t he official ballots have been printed, the votes cast for the substituted candidates shall be considered votes for the substitutes. Sec. 13. Ballot box. There shall be in each precinct on election day a ballot box with such safety features that the Commission may prescribe and of such size as to accommodate the official ballots without folding them. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, there shall be two (2) ballot boxes for each precinct, one (1) for the national ballots and one (I) for the local ballots. Sec. 14. Procedure in voting. — The voter shall be given a ballot by the chairman of the Board of Election Inspectors. The voter shall then proceed to a voting booth to accomplish his/her ballot. If a voter spoils his/her ballot, he/she may be issued another ballot subject to Sec. 11 of this Act.No voter may be allowed to change his/her ballot more than once. After the voter has voted, he/she shall affix his/her thumbmark on the corresponding space in the voting r ecord. The chairman shall apply indelible ink on the voter's right forefinger and affix his/her signature in the space provided for such purpose in the ballot. The voter shall then personally drop his/her ballot on the ballot box. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, each voter shall be given one (1) national and one (1) local ballot by the Chairperson. The voter shall, after casting his/her vote, personally drop the ballots in their respective ballot boxes. Sec. 15. Closing of polls. After the close of voting, the board shall enter in the minutes the number of registered voters who actually voted, the number and serial number of unused and spoiled ballots, the serial number of the self-locking metal seal to be used in sealing the ballot box. The board shall then place the minutes inside the ballot box and thereafter close, lock and seal the same with padlocks, self-locking metal seals or any other safety devices that the Commission may authorize. The chairman of the Board of Election Inspectors shall publicly announce that the votes shall be counted at a designated counting center where the board shall transport the ballot box containing the ballots and other election documents and paraphernalia.For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, the chairman of the Board of Election Inspectors shall publicly announce that the votes for president, vice-president, senators and parties, organizations or coalitions participating in the party-list system shall be counted at a designated counting center. During the transport of the ballot box containing the national ballots and other documents, the fourth member of the board shall be escorted by representatives from the Armed Forces of the Philippines or from the Philippine National Police, citizens' arm, and if available, representatives of political parties and candidates. Sec. 16. Designation of Counting Centers. The Commission shall designate counting center(s) which shall be a public place within the cit y/municipality or in such other places as may be designated by the Commission when peace and order conditions so require, where the official ballots cast in various precincts of the city/municipality shall be counted. The election officer shall post prominently in his/her office, in the bulletin boards at the city/municipal hall and in three (3) other conspicuous places in the city/municipality, the notice on the designated counting center(s) for at least fifteen (15) days prior to election day. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, the Commission shall designate a central counting center(s) which shall be a public place within the city or municipality, as in the case of the National Capital Region and in highly urbanized areas.The Commission may designate other counting center(s) where the national ballots cast from various precincts of different municipalities shall be counted using the automated system. The Commission shall post prominently a notice thereof, for at least fifteen (15) days prior to election day, in the office of the election officer, on the bulletin boards at the municipal hall and in three (3) other conspicuous places in the municipality. Sec. 17. Counting procedure. — (a) The counting of votes shall be public and conducted in the designated counting center(s). (b) The ballots shall be counted by the machine by precinct in the order of their arrival at the counting center.The election officer or his/her representative shall log the sequence of arrival of the ballot boxes and indicate their condition. Thereafter, the board shall, in the presence of the watchers and representatives of accredited citizens' arm, political parties/candidates, open the ballot box, retrieve the ballots and minutes of voting. It shall verify whether the number of ballots tallies with the data in the minutes. If there are excess ballots, the poll clerk, without looking at the ballots, shall publicly draw out at random ballots equal to the excess and without looking at the contents thereof, place them in an envelope which shall be marked â€Å"excess ballots†.The envelope shall be sealed and signed by the members of the board and placed in the compartment for spoiled ballots. (c) The election officer or any authorized official or any member of the board shall feed the valid ballots into the machine without interruption until all the ballots for the precincts are counted. (d) The board shall remain at the counting center until all the official ballots for the precinct are counted and all reports are properly accomplished. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, the ballots shall be counted by precinct by the special members of the board in the manner provided in paragraph (b) hereof. Sec. 18. Election returns. After the ballots of the precincts have been counted, the election officer or any official authorized by the Commission shall, in the presence of watchers and representatives of the accredited citizens' arm, p olitical parties/ candidates, if any, store the results in a data storage device and print copies of the election returns of each precinct. The printed election returns shall be signed and thumbmarked by the fourth member and COMELEC authorized representative and attested to by the election officer or authorized representative. The Chairman of the Board shall then publicly read and announce the total number of votes obtained by each candidate based on the election returns.Thereafter, the copies of the election returns shall be sealed and placed in the proper envelopes for distribution as follows: A. In the election of president, vice-president, senators and party-list system: (1) The first copy shall be delivered to the city or municipal board of canvassers; (2) The second copy, to the Congress, directed to the President of the Senate; (3) The third copy, to the Commission; (4) The fourth copy, to the citizens' arm authorized by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. In the conduct of the unofficial quick count by any accredited citizens' arm, the Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to ensure, among others, that said citizens' arm releases in the rder of their arrival one hundred percent (100%) results of a precinct indicating the precinct, municipality or city, province and region: Provided, however, that, the count shall continue until all precincts shall have been reported. (5) The fifth copy, to the dominant majority party as determined by the Commission in accordance with law; (6) The sixth copy, to the dominant minority party as determined by the Commission in accordance with law; and (7) The seventh copy shall be deposited inside the compartment of the ballot box for valid ballots. The citizens' arm shall provide copies of the election returns at the expense of the requesting party. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, after the national ballots have been counted, the COMELEC authorized representative shall implement the provisions of paragraph A hereof. B.In the election of local officials and members of the House of Representatives: (1) The first copy shall be delivered to the city or municipal board of canvassers; (2) The second copy, to the Commission; (3) The third copy, to the provincial board of canvassers; (4) The fourth copy, to the citizens' arm authorized by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. In the conduct of the unofficial quick count by any accredited citizens' arm, the Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to ensure, among others, that said citizens' arm releases in the order of their arrival one hundred percent (100%) results of a precinct indicating the precinct, municipality or city, province and region: Provided, however, That, the count shall continue until all precincts shall have been reported. 5) The fifth copy, to the dominant majority party as determined by the Commission in accordance with law; (6) The sixth copy, to the dominant minority party as de termined by the Commission in accordance with law; and (7) The seventh copy shall be deposited inside the compartment of the ballot box for valid ballots. The citizens' arm shall provide copies of election returns at the expense of the requesting party. After the votes from all precincts have been counted, a consolidated report of votes for each candidate shall be printed. After the printing of the election returns, the ballots shall be returned to the ballot box, which shall be locked, sealed and delivered to the city/municipal treasurer for safekeeping. The treasurer shall immediately provide the Commission and the election officer with a record of the serial numbers of the ballot boxes and the corresponding metal seals. Sec. 19.Custody and accountability of ballots. — The election officer and the treasurer of the city/municipality as deputy of the Commission shall have joint custody and accountability of the official ballots, accountable forms and other election documents as well as ballot boxes containing the official ballots cast. The ballot boxes shall not be opened for three (3) months unless the Commission orders otherwise. Sec. 20. Substitution of Chairman and Members of the Board of Canvassers. — In case of non-availability, absence, disqualification due to relationship, or incapacity for any cause of the chairman, the Commission shall appoint as substitute, a ranking lawyer of the Commission.With respect to the other members of the board, the Commission shall appoint as substitute the following in the order named: the provincial auditor, the register of deeds, the clerk of court nominated by the executive judge of the regional trial court, or any other available appointive provincial official in the case of the provincial board of canvassers; the officials in the city corresponding to those enumerated in the case of the city board of canvassers; and the municipal administrator, the municipal assessor, the clerk of court nominated by th e judge of the municipal trial court, in the case of the municipal board of canvassers. Sec. 21. Canvassing by Provincial, City, District and Municipal Boards of Canvassers. — The city or municipal board of canvassers shall canvass the votes for the president, vice-president, senators, and parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns.Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, senators and members of the House of Representatives and elective provincial officials and thereafter, proclaim the elected city or municipal officials, as the case may be. The city board of canvassers of cities comprising one (1) or more legislative districts shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective city officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns. Upon completion of the canvass, the board shall print the canvass of votes for president, vice-president, and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives and city officials.In the Metro Manila area, each municipality comprising a legislative district shall have a district board of canvassers which shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective municipal officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns. Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives and municipal officials. Each component municipality in a legislative district in the Me tro Manila area shall have a municipal board of canvassers which shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective municipal officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns.Upon completion of the canvass, it shall prepare the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and thereafter, proclaim the elected municipal officials. The district board of canvassers of each legislative district comprising two (2) municipalities in the Metro Manila area shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators and members of the House of Representatives by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the municipal board of canvassers of the component municipalities. Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print a certificate of canvass of votes f or president, vice-president and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives in the legislative district.The district/provincial board of canvassers shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective provincial officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the board of canvassers of the municipalities and component cities. Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives and the provincial officials. The municipal, city, district and provincial certificates of canvass of votes shall each be supported by a statement of votes. The Commission shall adopt adequate and effective measures to preserve the integrity of the data storage devices at the various levels of the boards of canvass ers. Sec. 22. Number of copies of Certificates of Canvass of Votes and their distribution. (a) The certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives, parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system and elective provincial officials shall be printed by the city or municipal board of canvassers and distributed as follows: (1) The first copy shall be delivered to the provincial board of canvassers for use in the canvass of election results for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives, parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system and elective provincial officials; (2) The second copy shall be sent to the Commission; (3) The third copy shall be kept by the chairman of the board; and (4) The fourth copy shall be given to the citizens' arm designated by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. It shall be the duty of the c itizens' arm to furnish independent candidates copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. The board of canvassers shall furnish all registered parties copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. b) The certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president and senators, parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system shall be printed by the city boards of canvassers of cities comprising one or more legislative districts, by provincial boards of canvassers and by district boards of canvassers in the Metro Manila area, and other highly urbanized areas and distributed as follows: (1) The first copy shall be sent to Congress, directed to the President of the Senate for use in the canvas of election results for president and vice-president; (2) The second copy shall be sent to the Commission for use in the canvass of the election results for senators; (3) The third copy shall be kept by the chairman of the board; and (4) The fourth copy shall be given to the citizens' arm designated by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. It shall be the duty of the citizens' arm to furnish independent candidates copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. The board of canvassers shall furnish all registered parties copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. c) The certificates of canvass printed by the provincial, district, city or municipal boards of canvassers shall be signed and thumbmarked by the chairman and members of the board and the principal watchers, if available. Thereafter, it shall be sealed and placed inside an envelope which shall likewise be properly sealed. In all instances, where the Board of Canvassers has the duty to furnish registered political parties with copies of the certificate of canvass, the pertinent election returns shall be attached thereto, where appropriate. Sec. 23. N ational Board of Canvassers for Senators. — The chairman and members of the Commission on Elections sitting en banc, shall compose the national board of canvassers for senators.It shall canvass the results for senators by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the district, provincial and city boards of canvassers of those cities which comprise one or more legislative districts. Thereafter, the national board shall proclaim the winning candidates for senators. Sec. 24. Congress as the National Board of Canvassers for President and Vice-President. — The Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session shall compose the national board of canvassers for president and vice-president. The returns of every election for president and vice-president duly certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to the Congress, directed to the president of the Senate.Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the president of the Senate shall, not later than thirty (30) days after the day of the election, open all the certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session and the Congress upon determination of the authenticity and the due execution thereof in the manner provided by law, canvass all the results for president and vice-president by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the district, provincial and city boards of canvassers and thereafter, proclaim the winning candidates for president and vice-president. Sec. 25. Voters' education. — The Commission together with and in support of accredited citizens' arms shall carry out a continuing and systematic campaign through newspapers of general circulation, radio and ther media forms, as well as through seminars, symposia, fora and other non-traditional means to educate the public and fully inform the electorate about the automate d election system and inculcate values on honest, peaceful and orderly elections. Sec. 26. Supervision and control. — The System shall be under the exclusive supervision and control of the Commission. For this purpose, there is hereby created an information technology department in the Commission to carry out the full administration and implementation of the System. The Commission shall take immediate steps as may be necessary for the acquisition, installation, administration, storage, and maintenance of equipment and devices, and to promulgate the necessary rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act. Sec. 27. Oversight Committee. An Oversight Committee is hereby created composed of three (3) representatives each from the Senate and the House of Representatives and three (3) from the Commission on Elections to monitor and evaluate the implementation of this Act. A report to the Senate and the House of Representatives shall be submitted within ninety (9 0) days from the date of election. The oversight committee may hire competent consultants for project monitoring and information technology concerns related to the implementation and improvement of the modern election system. The oversight committee shall be provided with the necessary funds to carry out its duties. Sec. 28.Designation of other dates for certain pre-election acts. — If it shall no longer be reasonably possible to observe the periods and dates prescribed by law for certain pre-election acts, the Commission shall fix other periods and dates in order to ensure accomplishment of the activities so voters shall not be deprived of their suffrage. Sec. 29. Election offenses. — In addition to those enumerated in Sec. s 261 and 262 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, As Amended, the following acts shall be penalized as election offenses, whether or not said acts affect the electoral process or results: (a) Utilizing without authorization, tampering with, destroying or s tealing: 1) Official ballots, election returns, and certificates of canvass of votes used in the System; and (2) Electronic devices or their components, peripherals or supplies used in the System such as counting machine, memory pack/diskette, memory pack receiver and computer set; (b) Interfering with, impeding, absconding for purpose of gain, preventing the installation or use of computer counting devices and the processing, storage, generation and transmission of election results, data or information; and (c) Gaining or causing access to using, altering, destroying or disclosing any computer data, program, system software, network, or any computer-related devices, facilities, hardware or equipment, whether classified or declassified. Sec. 30. Applicability. — The provisions of Batas Pambansa Blg. 81, As Amended, otherwise known as the â€Å"Omnibus Election Code of the Philippines†, and other election laws not inconsistent with this Act shall apply. Sec. 31. Rules a nd Regulations. — The Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations for the implementation and enforcement of this Act including such measures that will address possible difficulties and confusions brought about by the two-ballot system. The Commission may consult its accredited citizens' arm for this purpose. Sec. 32. Appropriations. — The amount necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act shall be charged against the current year's appropriations of the Commission. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary for the continuous implementation of this Act shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.In case of deficiency in the funding requirements herein provided, such amount as may be necessary shall be augmented from the current contingent fund in the General Appropriations Act. Sec. 33. Separability clause. — If, for any reason, any Sec. or provision of this Act or any part thereof, or the application of such Sec. , provision or portion is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder thereof shall not be affected by such declaration. Sec. 34. Repealing clause. — All laws, presidential decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Sec. 35. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in a newspaper of general circulation. Approved: December 22, 1997

Attributes of entrepreneur Essay

Confidence positive thlnklng is a major step In the direction of success 5. Positive thinker entrepreneur are positive thinkers. Wealth does not always come to the most intelligent or the most ambitious individuals. Patience -when one owns who his business, there will be times when feels like the roof of craving-in. 7. Decisiveness – one should go with his intuition and trust that he is doing the right thing 8. Experience component for growth – as a key 9. Information seeking – entrepreneur should seek information with client and competitors, seek advice. 10. Perseverance – must be willing to persevere during rough times 11. Drive – needs to be totally committed 12. Risk taking – prefer tasks, which provide them some challenges 13. Innovation creative, they do things in new and different ways 14. Opportunity-seeking – readily identifies opportunities for going into or to improve his business 15. Demand for efficiency and quality – entrepreneur always strives to find ways to do things better, faster and at a lower cost 16. Systematic planning and monitoring – introduces some system in achlevlng his goals by breaking this goal Into short term and long term goals 11. Persuasion and networking – easy establishes a network or personal and business contacts around them

Developmental Psychology Essay

Jean Piaget (1986-1980) studied the development of children’s understanding, through observing, talking and listening to children whilst he carried out exercises that he set. He was particularly interested in how children learn and adapt to the world around them and in order for adjustment or adaptation to work, there must be constant interaction between the child and the outside world. Piaget thought that cognitive development took place through two main processes: Accommodation- The cognitive organisation of the individual is altered by the need to deal with the environment, in other words the individual adjusts to the outside world.  Assimilation- The individual deals with the new environmental situation by adjusting the outside world to fit them. This is done by adding information to the schemas which extends the overall picture thus adjusting the interpretation.  Another important feature of Piaget’s theory was schemas, a mental framework which refers to the organisation of knowledge which then guides and actions for example a baby has a schema for grasping, it wraps its fingers around items placed in its hands. Schemas enable individuals to store, organise and interpret information about their experiences. When a child has assimilated the schemas it is in a state of cognitive balance but as the child continues to explore and comes into contact with new experiences cognitive imbalance is created. This then leads to equilibration; the child then uses the process of assimilation and accommodation to restore a state of equilibrium.  Piaget believed that children’s cognitive development goes through four stages, these are: Stage one: The sensorimotor stage this stage last from birth to about 2 years, a child learns by moving around his or her environment and learning through their senses- smell, sound, sight, touch and taste. The key achievement of this stage is the concept of object permanence which allows the child to be aware of the existence of objects when they are not in view, in the early part of the sensorimotor stage a child is not aware that objects still exist when they can not see them: it is a case of out of sight out of mind. This concept of object permanence develops as the child moves around their environment. Piaget investigated his children’s lack of permanence by hiding objects and found that at 0-5 months the child was not able to look for the object once it was hidden. However by 8 months old the child would search for the objects.  Stage two: The pre-operational stage which lasts between the ages of 2-7 years. Children’s thinking is dominated by appearance and the external world. They find it difficult to view things in other ways, other than the view they have and they focus on aspect of an object or situation rather than the complete picture. Their cognitive skills are not developed enough to make logical explanations however they are able to use language and are able to represent objects by images and words. Piaget studied conservation- the idea that children have trouble understanding that things can remain the same despite a visual change and found that when the same liquid was poured from a short fat glass to a tall thin glass a child at this stage would say that there was more liquid in the new glass or that there was more liquid in the original glass. In either case the child centres, or focuses on only one dimension (height or width). In addition, Piaget investigated egocentrism which involves children assuming that their way of thinking about things is the only way. He used the three mountains task to illustrate this idea. He showed four year olds three mountains of different heights and asked them to describe how the scene would look from different positions; the children chose their own view and failed to see that it would look different from different points. Piaget found that it was only when children reached the age of 6 and upwards that they were able to see that the view is different from other positions but they often chose the wrong view. Stage three: The concrete operational stage takes place during the ages of 7 and 11. Thinking becomes much less dependent on perception and the child is able to carry out mental operations on the world. However they need to use props in order to understand how things work. Children are able to de-centrate, meaning they are able to take into account more than one aspect of an object or situation at any one time and they are able to conserve, this means that the child understands that although the appearance of something changes, the thing itself does not.  Piaget also investigated conservation during this stage by repeating the experiment with the liquid in the glasses and found that by the age of seven the majority of children could conserve liquid because they understood that when water is poured into a different shape glass, the quantity of liquid remains the same even though its appearance has changed.

Framework for Assessing the UK Toy and Game Industry Term Paper

Framework for Assessing the UK Toy and Game Industry - Term Paper Example The paper will describe the uses of a framework for penetrating in the retail toy segment of the United Kingdom. The company chosen for the paper is Mattel which is one of the biggest toy-producing companies internationally. The objective of the paper is to illustrate the opportunities served by the foreign market and measure the market efficiency for Mattel to launch its own retail outlet in the UK. Framework for Assessing the UK Toy and Game Industry In order to develop a framework, one needs to understand the vital aspects of business which are competitors, purchasers, suppliers, substitute products and market risks. Assessing these aspects can be beneficial to assist in developing an understanding of the competitive situation and the strengths of the competitive position in which Mattel desires to shift itself. With clear understanding of where its strengths are preserved, Mattel can take the advantages of its competencies to recover its condition of weakness and evade from taking risky strategies. Developing a framework is helpful for recognizing whether the products of Mattel have the ability to strengthen its foothold in the UK market. However, the framework must be quite instructive to identify the impression of competitors’ power, purchasers, suppliers and substitute products in the foreign market environment along with the market size, costs of entry, channel of distribution, and awareness of customers (Arnold, D., â€Å"Mirage of Global Markets: How Globalizing Companies Can Succeed as Markets Localize†). Competition among Organization The areas which will be covered under this topic are industry growth, concentration of competitors and level of differentiation in toy products. Industry Growth The toy market of the UK has numerous product groups with various opportunities and threats for foreign companies. The toy market segment comprises introduction of new technology into traditional toy-making process as a major drift (Euromonitor International, â€Å"United Kingdom - Entering the Toys Market†). The recent day phenomenon of business conditions can be observed to be partly ruled by strong competition from foreign toy producers which seek to gain bigger share in the local market. The demand of new toys at the production level has impacted by the fragile progress of disposable income of people in the UK. The low disposable income has decreased the spending power of customers and increased the

Identifying a problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identifying a problem - Assignment Example According to various research based articles that describes qualitative, descriptive as well as longitudinal analysis of obesity problem, the major causes of obesity include heavy smoking, poor eating habits and lack of body weight management strategies (Marchiondo, 2014). A number of statistical information also indicates that obesity is one of the leading disorders resulting into many death cases in many communities in the United States (Weiss, Weisser, & Salario, 2014). This is due to the fact that, one of the major problems affecting older nurses currently is the problem of obesity. Despite this, there are various interventions that can help in reducing the problem among the nurses (Marchiondo, 2014). A number of research studies also indicate that nurse’s proper regular exercise and healthy living lifestyle practices are very effective in controlling, reducing as well as preventing obesity and overweight cases among patients (Marchiondo, 2014). In that sense, those who involve in regular exercise are less likely to be affected by overweight as compared to those who lacked the motivation to involve in regular exercises and healthy living styles (Marchiondo, 2014). It is also important that those who are affected by obesity to involve in proper sleeping habits as well as healthy eating habits reduce the chances of obesity and overweight among them (Newman, 2009). Therefore, this paper will mainly discuss the problem of obesity increase and overweight challenges in various clinical conditions and environments in health care system industry in United States. The paper will also provide various impacts of obesity in relation to patient’s health care safety system. Finally, the paper will discuss a number of solutions that can be used to reduce the problem of obesity among health workers such as nurses in clinical institutions in the United States. The problem of obesity and overweight mainly originates from poor healthy habits resulting

Corporate Strategy Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Strategy Master - Assignment Example By July 2008 as a consequence, major banks and other financial institutions around the world had reported losses reaching $435 billion. The problem on sub-prime mortgages was exacerbated by the steady depreciation of the US dollar, whose value against the euro, for example, crossed the $1.48 threshold in November 2007 to settle at $1.50 (Phillips, 2007). While the US Federal Reserve showed no intention of intervening to strengthen the dollar, banks stopped issuing covered bonds and the London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) hit a premium for treasury bills not seen since the dark days of the first oil crisis in 1987. The continued weakening of the US currency gave banks and financial institutions little incentive to sell dollars, completing the scenario for rising global inflation. Such a climate of uncertainty in the global economy, specifically in the banking sector, serves as backdrop for this paper as it examines the corporate strategies by which HSBC Holdings plc, one of the worl d's largest banking and financial services organisations, can emerge a winner through the use of appropriate models and tools of analysis. HSBC Holdings plc is the mother company of a wide array of banks and financial institutions that include the HSBC plc in UK; the Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. and Hang Seng Bank Ltd. in Hong Kong; HSBC Finance in France; the Household International and HSBC Bank USA NA in the US; HSBC Bank in Brazil; Grupo Financiero HSBC in Mexico; and the HSBC Private Banking Holding (Suisse) SA in UK, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Monaco, Luxembourg, Singapore and Channel Islands. The Group's corporate strategy finds expression in the marketing pitch attached to its logo that proclaims HSBC as "the world's local bank." This campaign to differentiate the HSBC brand was launched in 1999 and started to guide all banking operations in 2005. The strategy projects HSBC as a financing institution with an international pedigree and world-class expertise, which sophistication is nonetheless used for the full benefit of the smallest local clients and their communities. In effect, the HSBC based its strat egy not only on product leadership and operational excellence but also on customer intimacy, the three value disciplines that drive corporate strategy (Green, 2003). That sort of makes the Group a high-street bank that serves low-end clients as a matter of preference. The banking clientele composed of ordinary people is a market segment usually identified in an RFM analysis to formulate a firm's corporate strategy. RFM stands for recency, frequency and monetary value and is often conducted to analyse customer behaviours and define market segments. In essence, RFM analysis asks how recent and frequent are the transactions done for a particular

Philopsphy paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philopsphy paper - Essay Example The concept of categorical imperative is deservingly considered to be the dominant in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. It states that a person should do something not because he wants to do this, but following the rule that is common for everybody and should be strictly followed. â€Å"All imperatives are expressed with an ‘ought’, which indicates how an objective law of reason relates to a will that isn’t constituted so as to be necessarily determined by it—namely, relating to it as a constraint. An imperative says that it would be good to do or to refrain from doing something, but it addresses this to a will that doesn’t always do x just because x is represented to it as good to do†(Kant 18) Kant states that if a person allows himself/herself to set the principle that will be followed only by him/her and not by the rest of the people, this person can be called immoral. Kant provides different examples to demonstrate how categorical imperativ e was derived. The most widespread example is a person’s request for money that he/she is not going to give back, notwithstanding that the promise is given by him/her. Kant states that if all the people break promises, they [promises] would not exist any more as people would stop believing them. Thus, promises should not be broken and there is a common law not to break the promises as this is not right. Here we meet the first reason why right is right and wrong is wrong. The actions fulfilled in accordance with the universal principles set in the society, which should be strictly followed by the people, are considered to be â€Å"right† and everything that contradicts this principle is â€Å"wrong†. Our actions should not be based on our desires, they should be implemented in accordance with the universal rule. The main thing is not to cause any harm to other people. Thus, if an action brings harm to people, as in our example, it can’t become a universal law and should not be followed. â€Å"Obviously the false promise isn’t made prudent by its merely extricating me from my present dif?culties; I have to think about whether it will in the long run cause more trouble than it saves in the present People’s loss of trust in me might be far more disadvantageous than the trouble I am now trying to avoid, and it is hard to tell whether it mightn’t be more prudent to act according to a universal maxim not ever to make a promise that I don’t intend to keep† (Kant 11). The conclusion can be made from the example that promises should not be broken as this causes harm to people. Any break of promise can be considered to be immoral. According to Kant, there is a universal law and it is immoral to break it. 2. According to Singer, we must not act so as to sacrifice a major interest for a minor interest. Explain why. Explain how this affects Singer’s views on the eating animals and use of them in experimen ts and his views on abortion and euthanasia. The philosophy of Peter Singler is very interesting and unique. According to Peter Singer, we should not sacrifice major interest to satisfy minor interest. Minor interest is the interest that may be ignored and we can easily do without its satisfaction. Major interest is more serious as if it is not satisfied it may cause a trouble. Single apply this statement to the issue of eating animals. He is against consuming the flesh of animals as considers the

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Immigration - Essay Example With terrorism a recurring threat in the country, the United States has enacted a number of immigration policies that some individuals argue infringe on the core values of the country. This essay considers the complex elements of United States immigration policy in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and the United States economic structure and argues that immigration and must continue to remain core values of America. National security depends on the U.S. taking immigration standards seriously. Some policy makers want to shut down or limit the borders because they fear what happened on September 11th. They should reflect though upon what happened on September 12th, as the nation joined together and mourned the loss together. Regardless of where individuals have all come from, America is their home. America cannot be on lockdown because they fear a terrorist strike. The United States is vulnerable. The government cannot guarantee protection to 300,000,000 people at all times. If the United States knows who is entering the country at all times along with what their goals are, they could all sleep a little more soundly at night. The majority of the American population believes the country’s immigration policy is too lenient. Ewing notes, â€Å"†¦a solid eighty percent of Americans polled by CBS- New York Times after the trade center bombings agreed that it is too easy for foreigners to enter the U.S†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . People believe American officials are not policing the borders, yet amnesty has been discussed as a way to remedy this immigration concern. They also believe they are not keeping up on expired visas and adequate background checks are not in place to ensure that we they are letting in people that will enhance society. The Immigration Policy Center (IPC) (2005, pg. iv) notes, â€Å"†¦the great American â€Å"melting pot† has begun to

Qusetions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qusetions - Essay Example With identifying factors such as lack of delegation, stringent control and allowing little involvement in the decision making processes. It was also evident that the majority of the communication taking place was one way and that Max Blue’s focus was on directing employee’s in order to achieve objectives rather them taking into account their opinions and feedback. That being said it also enabled Blue Sky to benefit in terms of efficiently, productivity and their increased profitability under Max’s leadership. However it is important to note here that this led to an organization culture which was deeply reliant on the management skills of Max. It also proved to be a barrier to communication, creativity and an overall weak culture for the organization as it centered on the personality of Max Blue. Culture as a unifying factor under his leadership failed to be one of Blue Sky’s operational strengths. With Jim Willis taking charge of Blue Sky his approach to l eadership can be considered more democratic. Although this switch posed to be a management challenge for Willis but his approach to management incorporated a broader involvement in the decision making process. This can be seen in the way he held a meeting with all the VP’s to discuss the issues faced by the company instead of simply handing out instructions based on his personal decision-making. We can also observe an increase in the participation and initiative of the VP’s as they contribute to finding a suitable solution. His willingness to delegate is also observable in the way he takes into consideration moving the regional heads under Susan’s authority. However there are also observable factors that serve as barriers to the development of Willis’s democratic style. Office politics is one concern as Garrison and Robert’s carefully avoid any kind of intervention in the decision making. An increase in the decision making process can also be obser ved which rightly categorizes Willis’s approach to management as democratic (Simon Oates, Leadership expert). Usually lower levels of motivation are observed when an autocratic leadership prevails. This is largely due to the minimal participation of the employees around the central aspects of the decision making process. The drive and the job-relevant knowledge of Max Blue although an asset completely dominated and left very little room for any initiatives that the employees might have wanted to voice. Furthermore it tips the balance into the promotion of a perception that Max Blue might’ve categorized the employees into the theory X component of McGregor’s theory X and Theory Y of motivation (Robbins & Coulter-a, Management). Another critical aspect that might’ve contributed to the nominal motivation was due to the fact that Max Blue promoted and showed an obvious preference towards the hiring of individuals of prior association. An example was that of h iring Susby Hubres, who was the daughter of his long time friend. Although she might’ve qualified as a member of the Executive team, the mere act leads to a prevalent assumption of favor-ism in the minds of the other employees. This has a direct impact on their motivation levels. With Willis’s adoption of a democratic leadership style there can be significant viewable changes in the level of motivation. This can be seen in the way that a lot of the regional officers were promoted to higher ranks. Another reason could be because of

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

American History - Essay Example Throughout the 20th century, Immigration law has swung back and forth, at times welcoming Mexican immigrants and at other times slamming the door shut on them. The public reception of this Mexican group has also been quite unpredictable; although they have been able to make a place for themselves in communities across the United States, but frequently they have had to battle hostile elements in the same communities to survive. Till today, in many ways, this push-and-pull dynamic continues. Mexican immigrants and their descendants now constitute of a significant portion of the U.S. population and are one of the most influential social and cultural groups in the country. Mexican American culture is very likely to shape U.S. life in language, politics, food, and daily living and will help define the nation's identity for a new century. Spanish-speaking people have lived in North America since the colonization of Mexico by Spaniards in the sixteenth century, and ever since Mexicans have always played a crucial role in the continent's cultural and historical growth. Everything changed with the War that broke out between the U.S. and Mexico In 1846 over the U.S. annexation of Texas. Mexico was defeated, and the two nations signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. This treaty gave U.S an enormous amount of land, including what would later become the present day states of California and Texas, as well as parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Nevada. With two strokes of a pen U.S had expanded by a third of what it was and overnight, thousands and thousands of Mexicans had become residents of the United States. As the Mexican American community grew over the years, it became increasingly prominent in public life of Americans. As Mexican territories metamorphosed into states, they began to affect the balance of power in the U.S. government. The entertainment industry also displayed some awareness of the new importance of Mexican culture. The positive half was about romanticized images of life south of the border but the negative side of it perpetuated gross ethnic stereotypes and racist slurs.Today, Mexican immigrants and their descendants occupy a more significant place in American cultural life than they ever did before. Mexican Americans now reside in all regions of the country and have seeped into most professions and trades. Statistical figures by the government show that, by the next two generations, more than 25 percent of the U.S. population will be of Latin American origin American political officials perceive this movement as a hope for "recon Questa" which means "to re-conquer a lost territory" and consider it to be a deliberate political conspiracy. The greatest impact of Mexican immigration seems to be the growing Latin American influence on the everyday life of all Americans in terms of Mexican clothing, music, architecture, literature, and food. It is very apparent that Mexicans have been part of life in the present-day U.S. long before it was a self-governing country. What impact can this group possibly have on the nation's future Glenn Spencer, president of Voices of

Organizational Culture of Indonesia Dissertation - 1

Organizational Culture of Indonesia - Dissertation Example Indonesia consists of 17,508 separate islands and the population exceeds 234 million. In terms of population, it is the fourth largest country in the world. Indonesia is a multicultural society with one of the most populous Muslim majority country in the world. It also has a significant number of Hindus, Buddhist, and Christians. Hence the culture of one city is sometimes entirely different from other cities e.g. the culture of Hindu dominated Bali is entirely different from Jakarta which in turn is entirely different from Sumatra. Hence categorizing certain behaviors as Indonesian culture would be an oversimplification. Despite these cultural variations, the other factor which is more important for organizational culture is the â€Å"tightness† or â€Å"looseness† of the society or national culture in terms of organizational culture. This tightness or looseness is determined by the strength of societal norms and the degree of acceptability for deviations from these nor ms (James W. Smither, 2009). The Indonesian culture is quite loose because of already existing diversity in the society. Indonesia consists of 17,508 separate islands and the population exceeds 234 million. In terms of population, it is the fourth largest country in the world. Indonesia is a multicultural society with one of the most populous Muslim majority country in the world. It also has a significant number of Hindus, Buddhist, and Christians. Hence the culture of one city is sometimes entirely different from other cities e.g. the culture of Hindu dominated Bali is entirely different from Jakarta which in turn is entirely different from Sumatra. Hence categorizing certain behaviors as Indonesian culture would be an oversimplification. Despite these cultural variations, the other factor which is more important for organizational culture is the â€Å"tightness† or â€Å"looseness† of the society or national culture in terms of organizational culture. This tightness or looseness is determined by the strength of societal norms and the degree of acceptability for deviations from these norms (James W. Smither, 2009). The Indonesian culture is quite loose because of already existing diversity in the society. Organizational Culture of Indonesia Organizational culture in Indonesia has transformed ever since the movement of democratization in 1998. It has resulted in a lot of freedom of expression and freedom of information. It has also brought changes in the organizational structures with a shift towards decentralization and democratization (Hill, 2011). The system of centralization and authoritarianism is now completely changed. According to researchers one major dimension along which many ethnic groups and nations vary from each other is the degree of individualism and collectivism. This behavior strongly determines the attitude, behavior, and actions of the individuals and hence has a strong role to play in determining the working environment.  

School Systems Helping Prevent Childhood Obesity Essay

School Systems Helping Prevent Childhood Obesity - Essay Example This essay "School Systems Helping Prevent Childhood Obesity" outlines the importance of the school and society participation in the fight against obesity among kids. The major contributing factor to obesity in children is lack of physical exercise and high caloric intake (CDC, 2014). It is common practice that after school children in many homes just watches television or play computer games. In school, the children do not get much play time as they have to cover the specified school curriculum within the specified period. This leaves out any time that children engage in physical activities. This leads to accumulation of calories from their diet leading to increased deposition of fat tissue and eventually, obesity sets in (CDC, 2013). Lack of exercise is aggravated from unsupervised diet. Children are more attracted to junk foods rather than healthy meals. Increased access to junk food results from decreased supervision or ignorant parent and guardians. The increased calories and la ck of exercise are predisposing factors to obesity. Obesity has many negative physical and mental effects and this threatens proper development of the children. Immediate health problem for children and adolescents who are obese include joint pain, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Joint pain result from the increased body weight compared to the surface area of the child. The excess weight due to excess body fat impacts extra weight on the joints increasing the pressure and thus, the pain (CDC, 2014).

Motion Pictures Movies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Motion Pictures Movies - Research Paper Example The rise of the Hollywood studio system was a critical stage of the movie industry. The Biography Company sent Griffith and his team of actors to the West Coast towards Georgia Street where they started shooting a film in the available vacant spaces. It is at this time that Griffith decided to explore Hollywood and decided to shoot one of his melodrama movies there. At the production of this film, it attracted a lot of attention and Griffith found Hollywood an interesting place to shoot his movies (Ragan 23-43). When many filmmakers found out about his venture, they decide to visit Hollywood to produce films. Another reason why most Filmmakers preferred to visit Hollywood is that they saw it as a cheap way to avoid the charges that Thomas Edison was charging them to make movies. After the world war, the more people from Europe visited Hollywood. Another transformation that occurred during the Hollywood studio system was the introduction of the use of sound in filmmaking (OBrien 43). While this was a positive change, the filmmakers who had learned about silent film lost popularity after this change. During the era of the studio system, the filmmakers followed the Hay production code as part of the conditions of the studio production. Those who did not comply with the Hay code had to pay heavy fines. However, the studio system ended in the early 1940s when another law emerged to separate the production of films and their exhibition. The Federal antitrust action was a new law that led to the break up the studio system and paved way for individual production (Ragan 67). Secondly, technology development opened up a new era of production in the history of American movies. The emergence of the television technology encouraged many people to pursue filming individually.

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Company law - Essay Example The duties as well as the obligations of the directors, workers and the other officers are encompassed in Sec 179 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). The Corporations Act 2001 (CTH) is regarded as the company law that exists in Australia. The responsibilities as well as the duties of the directors are specifically mentioned under the law which needs to be abided by the directors of the companies. The laws that are believed to preside over the duties as well as responsibilities of the directors are considered to source or originate from three different areas. The stated areas have been identified as the statute law that is encompassed by the Corporations Act 2001 (CTH), the law made by the judges or common law and the constitution of a particular company (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). ... he common law entail that they need to primarily carry out their activities in relation or compliance with the best possible interests concerning the company. The directors should not indulge themselves in any kind of activities that does not represent a proper or appropriate intention. The behavior of the director needs to be performed with care as well as adequate meticulousness. The directors are stated by the law to act in certain ways with the intention to keep away from any kind of disagreements relating to interests. It is also considered quite imperative for the directors to avoid or not get engaged in an activity that involves taking inappropriate advantage of their respective positions as well as information. Finally, it is expected from them to refrain from entering into any kind of business dealings while they are considered to be insolvent (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). Qualifying as a director under the Corporations Act 2001 (CTH) implies that few def inite obligations as well as duties need to mandatorily perform by the directors. The violation of the mentioned obligations under the law would lead to strict legal actions against the directors. The directors are also required to discharge few fiduciary duties that are stated under the mentioned law. These kinds of duties that need to be carried out by the directors of the companies entail the rule out of misusing the position of the directors in order to attain any kind of an advantage with regard to their personal interests or even for some other individual. They need to take enough precaution while performing their activities in order to avoid any damage or loss with respect to the related corporation (Australian Company Incorporation Services 2012). The fiduciary duties prohibit the

The Power of Many Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Power of Many - Coursework Example ntials, access to data and resources, personal acknowledgement, skill improvement, and a sense of involvement and effectiveness in resolving community issues. In comparison, individual efforts increase costs by raising the time necessary for organization, inadequate services and resources necessary for contribution, and primary burnout. By pinpointing the particular benefits and limitations to contribution to the engagement attempt, community leaders can install the proper incentives (C.S. Mott Foundation, 2010). Approaches that can effect progressive social change are nonviolence and traditional political affairs approaches. The nonviolent approach includes peaceful measures and courses of action that do not involve traditional politics. For instance, conventions, neighborhood watches, isolation, industrial action, sit-ins, fasts, and forming alternative political associations. A community member like a demonstrator can undertake peaceful approaches to not only organize a community but to prevent harm as well. For example, a peaceful approach of demonstrating can prevent loggers from cutting down trees. The other approach, traditional politics, is the ordinary method of community organization that I deem practical and relevant to me. Politics exploits the collective power of community organization (Akoto-Abutiate, 2014, p.

The Two Frogs Essay Example for Free

The Two Frogs Essay Once upon a time in the country of Japan there lived two frogs, one of whom made his home in a ditch near the town of Osaka, on the sea coast, while the other dwelt in a clear little stream which ran through the city of Kioto. At such a great distance apart, they had never even heard of each other; but, funnily enough, the idea came into both their heads at once that they should like to see a little of the world, and the frog who lived at Kioto wanted to visit Osaka, and the frog who lived at Osaka wished to go to Kioto, where the great Mikado had his palace. So one fine morning in the spring they both set out along the road that led from Kioto to Osaka, one from one end and the other from the other. The journey was more tiring than they expected, for they did not know much about travelling, and half way between the two towns there arose a mountain which had to be climbed. It took them a long time and a great many hops to reach the top, but there they were at last, and what was the surprise of each to see another frog before him! They looked at each other for a moment without speaking, and then fell into conversation, explaining the cause of their meeting so far from their homes. It was delightful to find that they both felt the same wishto learn a little more of their native countryand as there was no sort of hurry they stretched themselves out in a cool, damp place, and agreed that they would have a good rest before they parted to go their ways. What a pity we are not bigger, said the Osaka frog; for then we could see both towns from here, and tell if it is worth our while going on. Oh, that is easily managed, returned the Kioto frog. We have only got to stand up on our hind legs, and hold on to each other, and then we can each look at the town he is travelling to. This idea pleased the Osaka frog so much that he at once jumped up and put his front paws on the shoulders of his friend, who had risen also. There they both stood, stretching themselves as high as they could, and holding each other tightly, so that they might not fall down. The Kioto frog turned his nose towards Osaka, and the Osaka frog turned his nose towards Kioto; but the foolish things forgot that when they stood up their great eyes lay in the backs of their heads, and that though their noses might point to the places to which they wanted to go their eyes beheld the places from which they had come. Dear me! cried the Osaka frog, Kioto is exactly like Osaka. It is certainly not worth such a long journey. I shall go home! If I had had any idea that Osaka was only a copy of Kioto I should never have travelled all this way, exclaimed the frog from Kioto, and as he spoke he took his hands from his friends shoulders, and they both fell down on the grass. Then they took a polite farewell of each other, and set off for home again, and to the end of their lives they believed that Osaka and Kioto, which are as different to look at as two towns can be, were as like as two peas. [Japanische Marchen. ]Â   This story was extracted from the Project Gutenburg e-text of The Violet Fairy Book, edited by Andrew Lang. The pictures to go with it were posted on Usenet several years ago, and I dont have any copyright or attribution information for them.

Wilhelm Wundt Essay Example for Free

Wilhelm Wundt Essay Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt born on August 16th, 1832 in the German State of Baden was a philosopher, physician, professor and psychologist, and is considered by many as the â€Å"founder of modern psychology† or the â€Å"father of experimental psychology†. His contribution to psychology on a whole is noted favourably among modern psychologists; however, his labeling hence contribution to psychology as a science has distinguished him from many other prominent figures in the domain of psychology. He established the first laboratory committed exclusively to psychological research at the University in Leipzig, expanded experimental psychology as an established school of thought, developed the method of introspection which became the basis of the modern scientific method, wrote books and volumes of journals which channelled the spread of experimental psychology, and influenced different schools of thought such as structuralism and voluntarism. These were the major results of his efforts to pursue the study of human behavior in a systematic and scientific manner and his goal to establish psychology as a unique categorical science. Wundt, raised in a suburb called Neckarau, was the son of a Lutheran minister and grew up in an environment in which there were many scholars and intellectuals as both his parents’ families were made up of scholarly individuals such as historians, theologians, physicians and scientists. He therefore had a studious childhood and his education became solely the responsibility of his father’s assistant. His formal education began at the University of Tubingen, however, after staying for just one year he transferred to the University of Heidelberg where he became one of the top medical students in his class, graduated summa cum laude, and placed first in the state medical board examination (B. R. Hergenhahn, 2009). After graduating with his medical degree, he went on to the University of Berlin where he spent a year and after returned to Heidelberg where he became the lab assistant of famous physiologist Hermann Ludwig von Helmholtz. It was during this tenure with von Helmholtz that Wundt began to develop his theory that psychology was a natural science. This influenced him to give lectures on his scientific approach to psychology and write his first book called Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception which in essence paved the way for his journey in proving psychology to be a science. Wundt remained at Heidelberg until 1874 when he got an offer to be a Professor of inductive philosophy at Zurich University in Switzerland. After staying there for a year he received an appointment to teach philosophy at the University of Leipzig back home in Germany which he accepted and stayed until his death in 1920. The scientific approach by Wundt had soon come to be known as ‘Wundtian psychology’ because of its difference from what is was known as before him. The roots of psychology are quite archaic and are in fact dated back centuries to the early Greeks such as Aristotle and Hippocrates who had contrasting views of whether the heart or the brain was the seat of the mind. Glassman Hadad (2009) believed that generally psychology emerged from two traditions: philosophy and the natural science. Philosophers were always interested in understanding the meaning of human experience and perception. This interest sparked several studies which â€Å"set the stage for the development of the sciences, including psychology, through their reliance on observation as a means of knowing their world† (Kasschau, 2003, p. 15). One such philosopher was John Locke who showed his interest in deliberating the role of learning in behaviour when he wrote his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which was published in 1690. Seventeenth century philosophers had introduced and popularized the idea of dualism, the concept that the mind and body are separate and distinct. Another famous philosopher Rene Descartes agreed with this idea; however he purported that there was still some interaction between mind and body. He had a mechanistic view of a human behaviour and reasoned that the mind and body influence each other to create a person’s experiences. He saw the mind as controlling the body’s movements, sensations, and perceptions. The scientific interests of psychology can also be dated back thousands of years with physicians such as Galen and Hippocrates who propelled their views of brain function. One scientist who emphatically influenced psychology was Isaac Newton. His work in physics helped to develop a scientific ‘method’ â€Å"consisting of observation, the formulation of hypotheses designed to predict events and outcomes and the subsequent testing of these hypotheses through further observation† (Watts, 2010). These elements remain central to the scientific method that is generally used in psychology. Also having great impact on psychology was Newton’s application of those methods and his theory of mechanical determinism. It was therefore believed that sciences such as biology, chemistry, physics and physiology had influenced aspects of psychology. Basically psychology was a combination or hybrid of different scientific fields and philosophy and was not seen as a distinct science. Philosophers such as Galileo, August Comte and Immanuel Kant rejected psychology as a science because they believed that it was outside the realm of science. Comte is noted famously for his exclusion of psychology from the classification of sciences which he wrote about in one of his famous writings Course of Positive Philosophy. John Stuart Mill, who was deeply influenced by and admired by Comte and his writings, disagreed with this exclusion. Mill voiced his objection of this exclusion and was of the opinion that psychology could become a science which he stated in his System of Logic in 1843; however, it needed someone with the scholarship and knowledge of how observation and experiments are made. Although Mill was of this position he did not go as far as to try to achieve this goal and only talked about doing psychological experiments; but Wundt took up the responsibility and actually did them. Therefore it was in the late 1800s and early 1900s that was the time when psychology broke away from philosophy and became a separate field of study (Plotnik Kouyoumdjian, 2011). Wundt believed that experimentation could be used to study only the simple processes of the mind but could not be used to study the more complex mental processes; however he did propose that it could help in the understanding of the higher mental processes. George A. Miller (1998) states that â€Å"For Wundt, psychology involved the analysis of consciousness into elements, the determination of the manner in which these elements are connected, and the determination of the laws of connection. This conception he borrowed from the British empiricists. Just as chemists had analyzed matter into atoms and anatomists had analyzed living systems into cells, psychologists, he decided, must analyze mind into the elementary sensations and feelings that make it up†.

The mission, values and stakeholders of TESCO

The mission, values and stakeholders of TESCO 1.0 The successful path way to Tesco Tesco started life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. Mr. Cohen made a profit of  £1 from sales of  £4 on his first day. The Tesco brand first appeared five years later in 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr. T. E Stockwell. The initials and letters were combined to form Tes-co and in 1929 Mr. Cohen opened the flagship Tesco store in Burnt Oak, North London. The brand continued its rise in the 1930s when Mr. Cohen built a headquarters and warehouse in North London and in 1932 Tesco became a private limited company. In 1947 Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd floated on the stock exchange with a share price of 25p. Tesco showed its expansionary zeal early on by buying up rival shops. In the 1950s the retailer bought 70 Williams stores and 200 Harrow stores, followed by 97 Charles Philips stores and the Victor Value chain in the early 1960s.During the 60s supermarkets started to expand rapidly by selling more products in ever larger stores. In 1961 Tesco Leicester entered the Guinness Book of Records as the largest store in Europe and in 1968 Tesco opened its first superstore in Crawley, West Sussex. Supermarkets revolutionized the way people shopped and by the 1970s Tesco was building a national store network to cover the whole of the UK, which it continues to expand to this day, while also diversifying into other products. In 1974 Tesco opened its first petrol stations, and would become the UKs largest independent petrol retailer. By 1979 total sales topped  £1bn, and by 1982 sales had doubled to more than  £2bn.In 1987 Tesco successfully completed a hostile takeover of supermarket rival H illiards for  £220m. In the 1990s Tesco continued to tighten its grip on the UK with more store openings and an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys as the UKs leading grocer. In 1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps, followed by the Tesco Value range in 1993. This was followed by the launch of the Tesco Club card scheme in 1995, helping Tesco to overtake rival Sainsburys as the UKs largest food retailer.1996 saw the retailer introduce its first 24-hour store while it also expanded overseas opening shops in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. In 1997 Tesco appointed Sir Terry Leahy as chief executive.Tesco.com was launched in 2000 and the supermarket continued to expand its range of products, which now includes clothes, electrical and personal finance products. In 2004 Tesco entered the broadband market. Two years ago, in 2006, the retailer announced ambitious plans to open stores in the US under the name Fresh and Easy and funded by existing resources. Tesco now operates in 13 countries. Today it reported that group sales were  £51.8bn in the year to February 23 2008. Pre-tax profit rose to  £2.8bn. In 2008 the retail giant took its conquest of the UK one step further by buying up some rival Somerfield stores on remote islands in Scotland, giving Tesco a presence in every single postcode area in the country. As it stands there is only one postcode in the UK in Harrogate in North Yorkshire which does not have a Tesco. At present year 2010 Tesco operates Business Development Commercial Clothing Commercial Food Commercial Non-food Hard lines Corporate Legal Affairs Corporate Marketing Corporate Purchasing Finance Group Security Loss Prevention Information Technology Operations Development Personnel Property Supply Chain / Store Ordering Telecoms Tesco Mobile UK Support Office Distribution Pharmacy Clothing Tesco Bank Tesco.com Identify Toscos Mission, values Of Tesco and key characteristics. Identify key stakeholders of Tesco and show how its stakeholders have influenced these Values and objectives 1.1.1 Definition of Mission, values and key objectives Mission Mission statement is the reason for a company to exist this present business environment. It always makes to feel and belief the top management going in a right path in an organization. Charles Handy (1976) says, A good mission statement inspires employees and provides a focus and direction for setting lower level objectives. Mission statement has to guide employees in making decisions and establish what the organization does. Mission statements are acting a major part in progress of the organization. Value Values are deep-seated beliefs about what is accurate and off beam, and what is imperative and inconsequential. The values held within an organization have an important influence on its goals and the ways, which it works. Last but not the least it represents the institutional philosophy and sustain to the organization. Hales, C. (1993) Objectives Mission, purpose or standard that can be practically achieved within the expected timeframe and with the offered resources, In broad-spectrum, an objective is broader in scope than a goal, and may comprise of several different goals. Objectives are the most basic planning tools underlying all forecast and strategic activities. They serve as the basis for policy and performance appraisals, and act as bond that binds the entire organization mutually. Charles Handy (1976) 1.1.2 Mission, values and key objectives of Tesco Mission of TESCO The mission statement of TESCO PLC is Creating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyalty. Value of TESCO The value of the TESCO classified into two groups those are: No-one tries harder for customers: Understand customers. Be first to meet their needs. Act responsibly for our communities Treat people as we like to be treated: Work as a team. Trust and respect each other. Listen, support and say thank you. Share knowledge and experience. www.tesco.com access on (01.11.2010) Objective of TESCO All of Tescos objectives unify in with each other. For example; the business will not have any customers if the business is not operating well. Share holders will not invest money in the business, if the business hasnt got any customers. The company will not be able to afford to have any employees working for them if they havent got money being invested in the business. So the objective of the Tesco changes over a period of time due to a range of reasons. Some of these reasons are listed beneath: Competition: Tesco might like to change their objectives, if another competitor moves in the same area. For instance, if Tesco is making a profit of per book, their books might not sell, because the competitor is selling their books cheaper. So in order for the business to survive they would have to put the prices down. For that, Tesco will have to change its objectives probably from making a lot of profit to making enough profit to survive. Internet: Internet is becoming a trend for everyone, so Tesco decided to take an advantage from it and decided to make a website through which they can sell online. Tesco will change their objectives from making sure they get everyone from the local area to buy from them, to selling to everyone in the whole country. It is a social benefit for Tesco. Diversify into non food: Since Tesco has diversified from being a store that only sold food to a non-food supermarket; they have changed their objectives from competing with only markets that sold food to competing with everyone who sells anything, from cars to mobile phone lines. Go for multinational: Since Tesco made their market into an international market; they have changed their objective from, being the leading market in England to being the leading market around the globe. www.tesco.com access on (01.11.2010) 1.2 Definition of Stakeholder These are the specific people or groups who have an interest or a partial stake in the products and services an organization provides. Internal stakeholders include management, other employees, administrators, etc. External stakeholders could include suppliers, investors, community groups and government organizations. Clients / customers are stakeholders as well. 1.2.1 Tesco achieves the objectives of three stakeholders Tesco mainly operates with following stakeholders those are: Customers: Customer Question Time meetings are precious like diamond which is cut and polished. Staff hears customers views on everything from how they are serving customers in their stores to their role in the community. Staff: Staff gives the company their feedback through the Viewpoint staff survey, Staff Question Time sessions and by Staff Forum process. Suppliers: Tesco core value is treat people how we like to be treated, and its something they apply firmly to their supplier to grip the relationship www.tescocorporate.com access on (01.11.2010) 1.3 Responsibilities of Tesco and strategies employed to meet them Tesco are committed to having a constructive dialogue with stakeholders to ensure that they understand what is important to stake holder and allow there selves the opportunity to present their position. Engagement helps them to identify new risks and opportunities to ensure that their long-term strategy is sustainable. In some instances they find that working with stakeholders in partnership can help deliver shared goals. They might not be able to satisfy all stakeholder concerns all the time but through engagement they can do their best to balance competing demands. Tesco know that customers need to be able to trust their business and stakeholder will only trust them if they believe that they are engaging on an appropriate basis with their stakeholders. Tesco programmed of engaging with stakeholders including customers, staff, suppliers, investors, government, regulators, non-governmental organizations and others, there 472,000 employees serve millions of customers around the world. Tesco look after and develop them so they can look after their customers. No one tries harder for customers. Tesco: work as a team trust and respect each other listen, support and say thank you share knowledge and experience Training and development Rewards and benefits Diversity and inclusion Communication Customer service training Health and safety Schoemaker, Paul J.H. (1992) 2.1. Write a report how different economic systems attempt to allocate and make effective use of resources of manufacturing industry. 2.1.1. Definition of Economic System An economic system is one that a society attempts to meet peoples material needs and wants through the production of goods and services. From the countrys point of view, production of goods and services is influenced by the limited supply of such elements as labor, land and natural resources and capital. The scarcity of supply of resources means that the Government has to decide the allocation of these limited resources among competing claims, given the opportunity costs associated with the decision of producing a certain products and services within the economy systems instead of others. The economic system can be classified into four main groups those are Traditional economy: Where decisions about what, how and for whom to produce are based on custom and tradition Free market economy: Where households own resources and free markets allocate resources through the workings of the price mechanism.   An increase in demand raises price and encourage firms to switch additional resources into the production of that good or service   Planned or command economy:   In a planned or command system typically associated with a socialist or communist economic system, scarce resources are owned by the state (i.e. the government). The state allocates resources, and sets production targets and growth rates according to its own view of peoples wants Mixed economy: In a mixed economy, some resources are owned by the public sector (government) and some resources are owned by the private sector. The public sector typically supplies public, quasi-public and merit goods and intervenes in markets to correct perceived market failure Charles Handy (1976). 2.1.2 Definition of manufacturing industry Manufacturing industry refers to the industries which involve in the manufacturing and processing of items and pander to in either creation of new commodities or in value accumulation. The manufacturing industry accounts for a significant share of the industrial sector in developed countries. The final products can either serves as a finished good for sale to customers or as intermediate goods used in the production process. 2.1.3 Economic systems attempt to allocate and make effective use of resources of manufacturing industry. As if I take Tesco as the manufacturing industry there are Different approaches or economies systems are adopted by different countries. Free market economy: government intervention is kept to the minimum while supply and demand and the ability to pay influence decision making. Most decisions are based on market mechanism. For e.g. Tesco sells their own brand goods and service to their own value (Tesco value food, electronics, other Tesco branded items). Command economy: resources are centrally planned and controlled by the government. This, however, means that no freedom for individuals to choose what they produce and what they consume for e.g. Tesco has been instructed by government not to sell Tobacco and alcohol under the age of 18. Mixed economy: A mixed economy combines elements of both free private enterprises and intervention, in varying general external appearance by the state. And also the producing industry will be stable where as the company owned by the public sector (government) and private sector for e.g. the Individual savings Account. www.tesco.com accessed on 01.11.2010 2.2 Explain what is social welfare and industrial policy initiatives 2.2.1 Define Social welfare and how to initiative CSCI (2005) recommends the social welfare is also known as charity programs that lending hand for the needy people and also social welfare helps to develop the environment, education and orphanage. Social welfare does not mean that the deed has to be done by only cash even by planting trees cleaning the surrounding areas donating to the blood campaign visiting to the orphanage to make the children and elders feel happy for example Social welfare policies (Issuing Free Computer) Science has invented many things. The triumphs of science are too many to be counted. Some of the latest triumphs of science are really wonderful. They are quite remarkable discoveries. It has made our life easier by the computer a few years ago. It is considered as the brains of the human beings. It has opened up new vistas. These can make any number of calculations, modes of particulars hypothetical situations can be produced studied. Further to the above mention statement there are people in some places where they have not even seen the computer for their lifetime so in this modern universe they wont be able to survive for those people issuing free computer and educate them in that field. 2.2.2 Industrial policy initiatives (Insurance policy) Suitable accounting financial procedure are adopted to demonstrate current financial viability and to ensure there is effective and efficient management of business. It will service users are safeguarded by the accounting and financial procedure of the industry. Insurance cover is put in place against loss or damage to the assets to the business. Records are kept of all transactions entered into by the registered person There is a business and financial plan for establishment, open to inspection and reviewed annually Insurance cover also act when there is a emergency period such like disaster or loss in the operation Insurance cover is provided for business interruption costs including loss of earnings as well as costs to operator of meeting its contrast liabilities. 2.3 How above mentioned social welfare and industrial policy initiatives can make an impact on an organization and wider community whose main product is computer games? Commercial computer games may be fun and engaging but many critics fear that employing computer games within the classroom may have a negative impact upon learning. Some of the key disadvantages and potential pitfalls of using computer games within an educational context are listed below. Excessive gaming can result in low self-esteem and aggressive attitudes and behaviors such as gambling and stealing to finance play. (Ellis 1990; Anderson and Dill 2000) Computer games can distract from learning as players concentrate on the objective of completing the game rather than using them as a learning tool. As Clarke (2003) observes; computer games require the suspension of disbelief, it may be difficult to retain learning acquired in that state. Excessive time spent gaming could negatively impact on schoolwork (Griffiths 1996). Computer games may have a negative impact upon impressionable young children who are particularly susceptible to copying behaviors and may struggle to distinguish b etween reality and a computer generated environment. Subrahmanyam et al. (2001) suggest that in order for a pupils skills to be enhanced through game playing, players must possess them to some degree already. Stoll (1999) suggests that; time spent in front of a screen could instead be spent, for example engaged in a sport or social activity Loftus and Loftus, (1983) suggest that excessive game playing can cause physical symptoms such as soreness in joints. In many games characters and environments tend to be violent and have stereotyped. Such games can encourage negative and socially unacceptable behaviors such as violence and aggression. (Cooper Mackie 1986) . Some games which are highly engaging and motivational can become addictive (Anderson ford, 1986), and lead to social isolation, (Selnow, 1984) low self-esteem (Dominick, 1984) and poor social interaction skills. The majority of computer games are gender specific. The vast majority of games are male orientated and this may a lienate female gamers and pupils alike. 2.4. You are supposed to select a UK based organization and describe how to evaluate the impact of macroeconomic policy measures and the influence of the global economy on that organizations and stakeholders 2.4.1 Define Macroeconomic The field of economics known as macroeconomics focuses on the behaviors of a national economy, or a regional economy, as a whole. Macroeconomics is a very general field that concerns itself primarily with large scale indicators, such as unemployment rates, and with the creation of models meant to explain relationships between those indicators. Macroeconomics is also considered the complement to microeconomics, which studies the actions of individuals rather than larger scales. 2.4.2 Impact on the on the UK based Organization by the macroeconomic As the above cash study referring to the UK Based organization I am willing to take Marks and Spencer Clothing sector and there stake holder to give you a clear picture how the macroeconomic effect. Pakistan Cloth Exporters Srilanka Cloth Exporters Marks Spencer Clothing Sector China Cloth Exporters India Cloth Exporters Sri Lankan economy has registered a strong growth in the first decade of 21st century, despite suffering civil war from 1983 to 2009 and some major natural disasters. Further to this action srilanka has stopped the exporting to the United Kingdom. Similarly recent disaster in Pakistan and china has stopped distributing their cloth materials to United Kingdom. As provided issue those three countries are unable to export the textile from their own nation but india did not effected so india textile exporters are well aware of the problems the other countries facing so the next step of them will be raising the demand by increasing the value for their product as in the side of marks and Spenser textile sector have no option to go for so they accept the demand of india and marks Spenser buy there textile By getting for the higher price Marks Spencer does not have any option rather than increasing the value from  £4 to  £7 because of this action marks and Spencer will be losing their customer. 2.4.3 Impact on the on the Stakeholder by the macroeconomic Dissatisfaction customer Loosing customer Loyalty Quality Service Risk of losing internal stakeholder Increasing demand on local suppliers Unemployment Increase in the bargaining power of customer and suppliers Losing the shareholder Brand of the company 3.1. What is perfect competition? Select a suitable market structure in practice within your country and briefly explain it and how it deviates from the model of perfect competition 3.1.1 Perfect Competition Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure. It is primarily used as a benchmark against which other market structures are  compared. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that is not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent starting point that can be used to analyze real world market structures. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources. Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure. Porter, M.E (1980) A market structure in which the following five criteria are met: 1. All firms sell an identical product. 2. All firms are price takers. 3. All firms have a relatively small market share. 4. Buyers know the nature of the product being sold and the prices charged by each firm. 5. The industry is characterized by freedom of entry and exit. Porter, M.E (1980) Further to the above mention detail the below examples might help Mobitel Dialog    Identical product: Mobitel Upahara Dialog Blaster    Free Minutes          :    1000 1000 After 1000 to          :                Rs 0.5 Rs 2.0 Mobitel/Dialog After 1000 to          :          Rs 0.5       Rs 3.0 Other fixed After 1000 to          :             Rs 3.0 Rs 3.0 Other Mobile Monthly Rental      :                Rs 240.0                                                       Rs 300.0 Connection                :                      Rs 1500.0                                                    Rs 1500.0 Share percentage : 47.1% 23.5% Freedom of entry And exit : No Yes Source: Dialog and mobitel websites The reason why the mobitel doesnt have freedom to exit because they are collaborated with government where as the dialog is owned by Malaysian government so they can exit the business whenever they need. 3.2 The relationship between market forces and organizational responses Forces of demand and supply representing the aggregate influence of self-interested buyers and sellers on price and quantity of the goods and services offered in a market. In general, excess-demand causes prices and quantity of supply to rise, and excess supply causes them to fall. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/market-forces.html#ixzz175PFaeVF accessed on 02.11.2010 For example We will take a Tooth paste product for Boots pharmacy in the UK. I am going to analyze how Boots Oral Hygiene department will respond to the market forces. Another reason for seeing the market in terms of market segments is that it allows the business to concentrate on what it is best at. Each of these matching processes is composed of the Marketing Mix. (Kotler and Dubois 1994) Product Price Product base Place Promotion In the above marketing mix the first 4Ps will apply to products base, additional 3Ps will be apply to service base company. However Boots is the Product and service base organisation. Boots provides and take care the people oral hygiene. Product Products are only bought if they bring the benefits that the customer wants. According to Antil (1988) every product has a life cycle. It goes through five stages, Sales grow slowly at the introduction stage when the product is new on the market and few people know of it. Then sales increases rapidly during the growth phase, it is now that competitors enter the market and promote their own products. Sooner or later the rate growth slows. This is the maturity period. And then the market finally declines and the product in its existing form becomes unprofitable. Source: Ansoff (1987) Corporate Strategy Boots Toothpaste is the product offers different kind of features, for example fight against cavity, plaque, tartar and gum problems. Boots has toothpaste for kids, for white teeth, smokers. Boots toothpaste will prevent tooth cavities, exposed root cavities, Fight against bad breath, reduce plaque, reduce gum problems, Strengthen weak tooth enamel, and remove stains. According to Boots annual report (2010) the Oral hygiene products are the fastest growing sector in Europe and in the pharmacies. Boots stores in the UK have seen a 6.2%increase in sales value for their total oral care, Sales continuing show positive growth year on year. 50% of the sales are incremental proving that these brands (Oral Hygiene products) will have positive effect on sales performance. Place: The Boots toothpaste mainly in any Boots chemist, drugstore or pharmacy. Is the Toothpaste available in the right quantities, in the right place, at the right time? Distribution of finished goods which feeds the raw materials to the manufacturer, and there also the internal distribution which occurs within the supplying company itself. Place involves marketing channels through which company reaches its customers getting the right products to the customer at right time. The ultimate purpose of any distribution plan is to make the right goods available to the customer at the right time. And also boots can place their products at departmental stores, shopping mall, Target retailers. Boots toothpaste (New products). Product should store in a clearly labeled area until the date of implementation. Price: How much customers willing to pay? Pricing of product can be illustrated by the Boston grid. During the lifecycle a successful product will progress from the wild cat through the star stage and ultimately become a cash cow. During that process the earning capacity of the product rises. Pricing plan must take account of the role individual products play in the corporate strategy of the company, when a product is new and also during the high growth phase of the product life cycle, price tends not to the customers primary consideration. Demand is high. Price is one of the most obvious indications of the value is placed on a product. Price is taken as an indication of quality. Price can be fix according to its quality, and the quantity of the tube size. Boots should be care full about the fixing price for the toothpaste to get competitive advantage. The UK populations have clear perceptions about price of the product. If it is very low price customer may think the product is low quality, if price is too high they want new product like Boots toothpaste, customers prone to purchase their other familiar product. In that case we need to be balance while fixing the price and also can promote electronic sensitive brush with toothpaste.Boots also can consider remaining 3Ps. Promotion: How Boots can inform or educate groups of customers about its product. Delivering desired message to target group. Innovation within the power toothbrush sector. Like buy one toothpaste gets one toothbrush. Free leaflets, magazine to people about oral hygiene, mouth care etc. Encouraging better oral hygiene routines Boots also can promote to the mix, with gum and mints competing in the oral health and health supplement market. Price promotion to get a competitive advantage Television Advertising (Short) 3. 3 Explain the behavior and competitive strategies employed by an organization and discuss the role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies I have taken the same example of Boots oral hygiene product competitive strategies and organization behavior Competitive Analysis Model for Boots Toothpaste plus This model also will help to identify the competitive advantage or differential advantage of the product or company Competitive resources Factors to take into consideration Competitive Superiority Test Its all about research and development for the product before do marketing plan, It determine the competitive advantage. Most marketing department find difficult to convince finance director of that particular company to implement the market plan. The Finance director will argue why should we take risk to developed some product which unsure. Financing directors are act as risk averter. Imitation Test It will reduce the research development cost by imitate the product (existing product) rather than find new. Duration Test Measures to what extent our resources will be produced in the future. This will include such factors as recruitment and training in relation to competitors. Appropriateness Test Boots have enough supplier for its manufacturing department, Can take ingredients from smith blend for prepare the toothpaste for elderly Substitutability Test By introducing Boots Toothpaste Plus, Boots will be a market leader and make competitive advantage. Its something doing different that their competitors Role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies The CC replaced the Monopolies and Mergers Commission in 1999, following the Competition Act 1998. The Enterprise Act 2002 introduced a new regime for the assessment of mergers and markets in the UK. The CCs legal role is now clearly focused on competition issues, replacing a wider public interest test in the previous regime. The Enterprise Act also gave the CC remedial powers to direct companies to take certain actions to improve competition; in the previous regime its role was simply to make recommendations to Government.   http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/about_us/ accessed on 11.11.2010 4.1 as a business analyst write a report to g